Top 8 Economics Books Every Pro Sports Lover Should Own

Genetically Modified Foods Essay - 1171 Words

Introduction. Genetically modified foods are foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes (adding, deleting, changing segments) introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.(King 2009) So they could produce desirable traits or eliminate undesirable traits, a process that enables transfer of genes between different species that would not interbreed in nature. 1983 marked the first ever transgenic plant. This was a tobacco plant that was created with antibiotic resistant properties. The first commercially grown genetically modified food crop was a tomato plant in California. The decomposition process was modified and resulted in a slower decomposition. This plant was known as ‘FlavrSavr’. Before†¦show more content†¦Irelands current status is a GM free zone. This means that Ireland is off-limits to the environmental release of genetically modified organisms including viruses, algae, bacteria, seeds, crops, trees, insects, molluscs, crustace ans, fish, poultry and livestock. As it stands only one variety of GM crop (Monsantos patented MON810 maize) is authorised for commercial release in the EU. But as of October 2007, this is banned in Austria, France, Greece, Hungary and Poland. Other EU countries are looking into banning it too. The hostility towards these foods means that they wont be bought or sold in the market, but their applications are so extensive and diverse that it is hard do ignore the many benefits that GM foods could bring. These include beliefs that there is potential for a negative environmental impact associated with production processes or farming practices and perceptions that there is uncertainty associated with unplanned human or animal health effects. (Miles 2001) Positives. With the worlds population said to increase to 9.6 billion by 2050 (according to the U.N) demand for food supply will increase dramatically. 60% more food will be required by 2050. (Alexandratos N 2012) Figure 3. Shows how much corn, rice, maze and soybean will have to be grown to meet the demands of 2050. Food production will be under pressure and at an all time high. Advances in food and agricultural technology need to beShow MoreRelatedGenetically Foods : Genetically Modified Foods1239 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically Modified Foods â€Å"70 percent of our corn farmland and 93 percent of soy farmland are planted with crops genetically engineered to resist pests and herbicides and increase crop yields. 60% of all the processed foods in the United States are genetically modified; a shocking statistic has the concern of many Americans. However, most people are uninformed about the beneficial impact that genetically modified food has on their diet. GM is the use of molecular biology technology to modify theRead MoreGenetically Modified Food : Modified Foods1165 Words   |  5 PagesCheenne 09/21/2014 Genetically Modified Food Accompany the growing population in the world and food shortages, in order to alleviate the immediate crisis, transgenic technology began to be used in the field of food production. Genetic engineering technology as a young technology, which gives us a lot of genetically modified food and gained unprecedented gains. But science is a double-edged sword. People are concern the topic about that whether genetically modified foods is safety. It is evidentlyRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods822 Words   |  4 PagesGenetically Modified Foods What is it that we are eating? GMO’s are unnatural. Is it healthy to eat something that doesn’t belong in our digestive system? GMO’s are genetically modified food. Genetically modified foods are created by taking genes from plants and animals and inserting into our food to alter the genetic engineering. In 1984, GMO’s were first introduced when a plant was modified from antibiotic resistant tobacco. In 1994, genetically modifying food was approved by the FDA and theRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Food947 Words   |  4 PagesAs genetically modified food appeared into people’s consciousness, it had been at the center of vehement controversy. Because people lack information about genetically modified food’s potential influence, they wonder whether genetically modified food is a miracle or not. Genetically modified food can solve several problems. The potential effects of genetically modified food also should be measured. Howe ver, people should not assume that genetically modified food only has disadvantages, but understandRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods1979 Words   |  8 Pages Genetically modified organisms are plants and animals that have been biologically engineered with the DNA of other plants, animals, bacteria, etc. Such modifications and combinations cannot occur in nature through crossbreeding or by other organic means. While commonplace in the vast majority of our marketplace, the information and nature of genetically modified foods is not as common. Information is, in fact, available on these genetically modified products, but they have to be sought out. TheRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1101 Words   |  4 Pages Ever wondered what has been put into everyday food and what the impact is on human health? Approximately 60-80 % of everyday food has one ingredient made from genetically modified foods. When hearing â€Å"genetically modified food† people automatically think it is only bad for health, but there is also a good impact surprisingly. The one bad thing is that people do not know what types food have been modified because the re are no labels for GMO products. Even though GMOs have a bad impact on humanRead MoreWhat Are Genetically Modified Foods?1236 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are genetically-modified foods? The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1787 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1 Genetically Modified Food ‘With genetically modified foods I believe we have reached the thin edge of the wedge, we are messing with the building blocks of life and its scary’ - Malcom Walker, Chairman and Chief Executive of Iceland Foods (Quotes from Scientists). Genetically modified organisms or GMOs are plants or animals made by splicing the gene and inserting DNA from different species of plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses. These genes would not naturally result in a cross breed.Read MoreGenetically Modified Food1213 Words   |  5 PagesThis report evaluate about the genetically modified food that why we need this, what are its key issues and how we can overcome these issues? In the field of biotechnology, the vast development was observed in the last few decades comprising the manipulation of genetic material to generate animal and plants with certain desirable attributes. Genetically Modified/Manipulated Organisms frequently termed as GMOs, refer to organisms whose genetic material has been modified through recombinant DNA (rDNA)Read MoreGenetically Modified Foods1928 Words   |  8 PagesAre genetically modified foods assessed differently from traditional foods? Genetically Modified Foods (GMOs) are known to cause a swarm of controversy; a lot of experts disagree with the notion that if it’s economically successful, then the potential health risks found in Genetically Modified Foods can be overlooked. The questions someone must ask themselves is this, can the Genetically Modified Foods be helpful? Does money matter more than your health? Ask yourself these questions. But before

No child left behind policy Free Essays

Education indeed is a very important aspect in an individual’s life. In a personal quest for enhancing and developing oneself in general so as his or her innate talents will actually determine the possibilities of the future of the said individual whereas it will actually reflect whether that individual will indeed be successful or fail in his or her own path in life. The education that is said to be relevant is the one where the individual will actually gain experience, basic and practical knowledge and will train and develop the innate qualities and characteristics of an individual’s personality. We will write a custom essay sample on No child left behind policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The basic elements and characteristics of the concept of education in the society is the one wherein the whole process is governed and being guided by a certain individual tasked to be the teacher. Since the whole process itself of education is very complicated and intricate in its nature of guiding the one learning, the teacher’s actions and personal concept on the matter is very much relevant to the whole concept. From this, the possibilities of the outcome of the educational process will be generally based on the actions and perception of the teacher and how he or she will facilitates the whole learning environment. The very basic methodology of the teacher that is being applied in the learning process is very much significant to the attainment of positive results mainly on the part of the students. Through the questioning procedures being applied by the teacher, he or she can actually encourage the student’s interest on the learning process thus, also engaging the student’s thinking and logical abilities on the activity. In addition, the application of effective questioning methodology can also encourage the students in a reasoning debate with their teachers and fellow students in their class thus developing their sense of reasoning and probing their own opinion. Involve in this concept also is the positive development of personal characteristics and perspective of the students by comparing their own thinking to the others thus evolving their convincing and descriptive skills and also their listening and correlating abilities. Thus, the use of effective questioning methodology of the teacher can create a harmonious classroom environment where students can share and acquire different opinions and ideas. Through the employment of the concept of a good and harmonious educational environment, students can further develop and hasten their own personal characteristics while they themselves are involve in the learning process. Students will be able to develop their communication skills with their fellow students in exchanging and sharing their personal opinions. In addition, student enthusiasm and participation can be actively encouraged through developing good learning environment. Because of this concept, teacher’s application of his or her own effective questioning methodology is very much significant because this will actually promote the positive environment in the educational group and organization. Another benefit of employing effective questioning in the learning process is its significance in the communication aspect on the part of the teacher and the student. Exchanging opinions and comments between the two parties is also relevant to the development of the teaching methodology on the part of the teacher and the inquisitions of the student regarding the education. By employing effective questioning methodology, teachers can promote an educational environment wherein students can also raise feedbacks and suggestions to the teaching style and methodology of the teacher thus improving the adequacy of the instructional methodology of the teacher. Thus, employing an efficient and positive questioning methodology is indeed significant to the learning process of the student and the development of the teaching style and application on the part of the teacher. In addition, employing efficient questioning tactics and methodology can also promote development of a good and harmonious communication environment that can inspire exchange of ideas and opinions from among the students and between them and the teacher. With this, learning will significantly progress on the part of the students while evolving their own personal characteristics in correlating and communicating with others. Because of these reasons, indeed applying an effective questioning methodology is important in achieving positive results in the learning development of the students and their teacher. What Parents Could Do Parent’s involvement and participation to their child’s learning development has been proven to have positive results. It appears that the simple encouragement and appreciation that parents have toward their child’s accomplishment and academic and scholarly activities will help the child’s esteem and positive perceptions toward his or her academe. This idea is also supported by study conducted by Bornholt and Goodnow (1999) about the relationship of parental expectations and adolescent disclosure to the academic competence of students. Accordingly, they concluded that: â€Å"Adolescent self-disclosure to parents suggested an important addition to the model of family influences on the adolescents ‘sense of academic achievement† (Bornholt and Goodnow, 1999). This conclusion agrees with that of the journal article written by McGrath and Repetti (2000) but the center of the article is about the difference of influence by the mother and the father regarding the academic competence of the child. Thus, the statistical study presented in the journal article is about the differences between the mother’s and father’s attitudes toward their children’s academic performance. According to the statistical research of McGrath and Repetti (2000), parent’s attitudes toward their children’s academic performance are gender-differentiated. That is, mothers are believed to be concerned about the performance of both their sons and daughters while fathers are more concerned about their son’s. In addition, mothers tend to set lower academic performance standard compare to that of the father’s making them more relentless about the academic performance of their children. Using methodology like conducting statistical survey and observing a random families and their educational institution, they determined the mean and significant differences between the mother’s and father’s involvement in their children’s academic performance. Also, they handed out questionnaires and performed interviews to determine the response of the parents regarding this psychological and sociological idea. Basing from their data, McGrath and Repetti (2000) found out that girls and boys perceived themselves to be more academically competent when their mothers reported greater satisfaction with their performance in school making their commendation and acknowledgement with their children’s accomplishments more significant to the children’s academic self-perception. Conclusion Though there is only little significant difference among the influence of the participation of the mother and the father regarding the academic performance and self-perception of the child, the effect itself and significance depends solely on what the child thinks about it and how he or she will respond to it. One reason why it appears that mother’s participation have great effect seems to reciprocate from the fact that mothers are more open and emotional close to the children compare to fathers. Thus, the child might rely more on the help and support of the mother because it is easier to gain or the child is more emotional attached to her thus desiring to please her more. Other case where the father’s participation has more significant impact depends maybe on the situation itself like scenarios where the mother’s participation cannot be easily achieved or the child personally has more emotional connection with him than the mother might result to the said conclusion. Thus, the differences between the influence of the participation and satisfaction by the mother and the father with their child’s academic performance and to the child’s self-perception do not rouse much concern. Most important is that parent’s participation, interest and satisfaction to the child’s academic performance whether from the mother or the father are essential to the child’s emotional, and mental development and his or her self-esteem and perception. References: Archived Information (October 1997). Family Involvement in Children’s Education. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/FamInvolve/execsumm.html. November 16, 2007. Bornholt, L. J. and Goodnow, J. J. (1999). Cross-Generation Perceptions of Academic Competence: Parental Expectations and Adolescent Self-Disclosure. Journal of Adolescent Research. Sage Publications. Cotton, Kathleen and Wikelund, Karen Reed (August 2001). Parent Involvement in Education. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/3/cu6.html. November 16, 2007. McGrath, Emily P. and Rena L. Repetti (Dec 2000). Mother’s and Father’s Attitudes Toward Their Children’s Academic Performance and Children’s Perceptions of Their Academic Competence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 29.6. National Education Association (2006). Getting Involved in Your Child’s Education. http://www.nea.org/parents/index.html. November 16, 2007. ; How to cite No child left behind policy, Essay examples

Emphasis on Positive Accounting Research

Question: Discuss about the Emphasis on Positive Accounting Research. Answer: Introduction The topic of the article is Positive Accounting Research. The article has laid down the emphasis on Positive accounting research rather than the Positive Accounting theory as applied by the Watts and Zimmerman in a particular accounting theory. Positive accounting theory has been based on the assumption of having the human rational behavior which includes managers, stakeholders, employees, etc. Positive accounting only helps in providing the explanation and predictions about the event or unobserved phenomena. It does not provide any guiding factor to the humans to act in different manner in different situations (Watts and Zimmerman, 1990). Unlike Watts and Zimmerman, the author has considered the positive accounting research as part of the wider scientific project. It will make the readers understand the cause and effect relationship that will happen in the world that has been defined in the study. The accounting is such that in which the behavior of humans may be studied in details with reference to their working in the complex organizations. The aim of the author is to analyze the cause and effect relationship. The main argument with which the article has dealt with is whether the positive accounting research has made meaningful contribution towards the wider scientific project. The paper has been divided into eight different sections. The paper has started with the introduction and giving details of the scientific project. Thereafter examples have been cited for positive research in accounting succeeded by information about the ontology and epistemology of scientific project. After understanding the aims and other factors, the testing is done by using hypothesis and other models. After having the deficiencies in the research program which has been analyzed through the testing, requisite factors are mentioned for having successful research program. Then the gap has been analyzed as to why the positive accounting research is being applied as it is as against a s envisaged in the beginning. The paper then comes to an end with the concluding paragraph stating the suggestions as to which should be done to have an effective research program so as to overcome the deficiencies. With this considerations and aim the paper has been formed and made available to useful readers. The author has stated that the positive accounting research is different from the positive accounting theory as applied by Watts and Zimmerman. It is because the latter has applied the theory in the field of accounting in understanding the human behavior with the assumption of having self centered behavior whereas the author has considered the positive accounting research as part of the huge scientific project (Watts and Zimmerman, 1990). It considers it as science. The aim of the study is to identify the cause and effect relationships along with the contribution towards the scientific project. At first the author has argued the old philosophies of sophists and vague imaginations thereafter he states the importance of human behavior in the study and elaborates the same on step to step basis. These elaborations have been made with the help of real life examples along with the major valuation models including statistical methods. He has argued at various level of study either on the ol d theories of philosophers or on the different models and has majorly argued that only rational human behavior shall not be considered but also the other factors which are non rational shall be considered including financial parameters. He has laid down emphasis on financial parameters and has suggested having different models for analyzing. Thus, in order to summarize the article, the main focus is on the positive accounting research and its being considered as part of scientific project and analyzing how much contribution is made by the research program to the scientific project. Question of Research As per the paper, the question of research program is distinctive of what the author has suggested in the beginning. In the beginning he has mentioned that positive accounting research is considered as part of the wider scientific project with the aim of analyzing the cause and effect relationships in the world as defined in the study. But later it was established that the major research question is that how much contribution the research program made for the wider scientific project. Through the hypothesis, he checked for null hypothesis at given value and with 5%-10% confidence interval. The paper has gained much weight age with the given results. The results have come up the research question. The research question has flowed from the different theories to the different models of valuation. He has emphasized on financial parameters and for the purpose of illustrating the studies auditing literature has been selected as auditor and auditee relationship gives different ways of understanding the human rational behavior and other non rational factors. Throughout the literature of the paper, the research question and all other matters in its context has been carried from one stage to other stage. His research is further encouraged when the he has got an answer of his earlier claims for science as science will never be able to answer X (Sterling R,1990) . This fact has been negated in short period of time which has further increased the confidence of author. He has further along with defining the research question has laid down the importance of positive research program, not only in economics and accounting but also in other field s of study. Theoretical Framework In order to conduct any research or perform any kind of work or function, framework should be present. Framework may be theoretical, practical or customizable. One shall perform within the framework otherwise the work done or will be done in a haphazard manner. Thus, defining the framework before starting or taking up any work is of utmost important in every spheres of work. In the article, theoretical framework has been formed. Theoretical means the involvement of theories in the construction of framework within which the activity needs to be performed or task needs to be undertaken (Christenon C, 1983). The theoretical framework has been prepared by using various theories. In the beginning the author has used the theory of Kuhn who has suggested matrix which helps in solving the puzzles in very fast manner within the group and further rewarding the persons within that group (Kuhn, 1970). Thereafter theory of Lee has been considered due to which the Kuhn theory has gained advantage. After this, author have developed his own imaginative theory consisting of four facts stating: World exists which is out of our imagination Events occurred have causes which are considered as part of the world People in the world obtain information about events Have an understanding of the World under study. Thereafter, theory of sophists have been mentioned who states that nothing exists, if exists than no one know about it and if someone knows then none of them can communicate the fact. After this, agency hypothesis is mentioned where principal and agent relationship has been detailed. Most importantly Poppers model has been mentioned and discussed in detail stating the four step procedure: Observe and develop ideas Develop predictions Test the predictions so developed Replication of second and third steps. Through poppers model various facts and figures have been identified and analyzed. Thereafter, statistical methods have been used. In this way, the theoretical framework has been strong on which the paper has been build and has come out with relevant figures and facts. The Significance and Limitations The paper has gained significance over the years. In the relevant context the paper has gained not only the importance in the field of accounting, economics, and science but also in other fields. The importance has been gained due to the sequence of events that has been listed in the paper starting from the very fact of importance of positive accounting research and ending with the conclusions stating the various suggestions for having the good research program. There are many reasons for having significance. First is the use of different theoretical concepts and development of sound theoretical framework. Second is putting the emphasis not only on the theories but also on the financial parameters by using the logarithm functions and defining the cause and effect relationship with the use of different variable like audit fee, auditor, auditee and quantum of work, etc. Due to above the article has been very useful for understanding the human behavior in different fields. It contains v arious examples and some are of real life like of Pioneer Spacecraft, Kashmir, etc. At some stages author has acknowledged the limitations. For instance at one stage the author has mentioned that the positive accounting research though very useful has not gained much importance because of the fact that the people does not want to understand the world within the cause and effect relationship can be analyzed. Another acknowledgement he has made at the time of describing the Kuhn model where the puzzles are solved fast in a very short period of time and awards are given to the people within that group. He acknowledged that the awards are given irrespective of the fact that whether it contributes to the wider scientific research project or not. With this deficiencies even then the author has mentioned that its Kuhn model which fits into the positive research program being the part of the wider scientific research project (Millen M, 2001). Yes, the author has draw many theoretical conclu sions out of the theoretical framework within which the positive research program has been evaluated and checked how much contribution it has made to the wider scientific project. The limitations that have been acknowledged by the author and other related limitations have affected the significance of article. But the affect is not much that can negate the value of an article in the eyes of the people and person conducting the research. Adding further, the limitation of Kuhn model and acknowledged limitation has to some extent invalidated the findings and observations of the article made by the author. Thus, in totality the article is of utmost importance and has significance as equal to other relevant articles Conclusion As per the beginning of the article, Positive Accounting theory and positive accounting research are both distinct. Positive accounting theory as used by Watts and Zimmerman has explained the rational human behavior in account settings, whereas positive accounting research is research program which is considered as part of the wider scientific project. The author has not only cited the theories of different authors but have also created or invented theories on the basis of his own imagination citing that different kind of world exists and predictions will be there and so on. Apart from that the author has cited the examples from the auditing literature which has further help the author to explain the human behavior in much more clear context. Its because, the auditor and auditee relationship is something different where neither the employer and employee relationship will as countered in different kinds of organization nor there will be the relationship of agent and principal where th e agent is bound to act on the behalf of the principal as per his directions who in return gets the commission. The auditor auditee relationship has laid down some important facts and figures which otherwise cannot be obtained with any kind of human behavior. Also it helps in explaining the cause and effect relationship in the full. The article has adopted various mathematical and statistical measures. It has used the logarithm table and has defined various dependent and independent variables. Most importantly the author has acknowledged the limitations in the study and long with that he has very categorically defined the factors which are required for having successful positive research program. In the concluding paragraph in the article the author has laid down four major suggestion which acts as an eye opener for the readers of the articles. First is to have better theoretical models, second is to have better measurement, third is to have focus on estimation of parameters and fou rth is that there must be extensive replication of process. Thus in the way to conclude, the article has come up with new facts, figures and provided the best ways to have good research program. References Watts R. and Zimmerman L. (1990), Positive Accounting Theory : A Ten YearPerspective,availableon https://faculty.etsu.edu/pointer/watts%26zimmerman2.pdf accessed on 14/12/2016. Milne M, (2001), Positive Accounting Theory, Political Costs and Social Disclosure Analysis : A Critical Look, available on https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.199.7620rep=rep1type=pdf accessed on 13/12/2016. Outline of Positive Accounting Theory available on www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/management/acctfin/courses/.../group84.doc accessed on 13/12/2016. Sterling R, (1990), Positive Accounting : An Assessment , ABACUS, pages 98-130 Christenson C, (1983), The methodology of positive accounting. The Accounting Review 58 (1), 1-22. Kuhn T. S., (1970), The structure of scientific revolutions, 2nd Edition, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.