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Genetically Modified Foods Essay - 1171 Words

Introduction. Genetically modified foods are foods produced from organisms that have had specific changes (adding, deleting, changing segments) introduced into their DNA using the methods of genetic engineering.(King 2009) So they could produce desirable traits or eliminate undesirable traits, a process that enables transfer of genes between different species that would not interbreed in nature. 1983 marked the first ever transgenic plant. This was a tobacco plant that was created with antibiotic resistant properties. The first commercially grown genetically modified food crop was a tomato plant in California. The decomposition process was modified and resulted in a slower decomposition. This plant was known as ‘FlavrSavr’. Before†¦show more content†¦Irelands current status is a GM free zone. This means that Ireland is off-limits to the environmental release of genetically modified organisms including viruses, algae, bacteria, seeds, crops, trees, insects, molluscs, crustace ans, fish, poultry and livestock. As it stands only one variety of GM crop (Monsantos patented MON810 maize) is authorised for commercial release in the EU. But as of October 2007, this is banned in Austria, France, Greece, Hungary and Poland. Other EU countries are looking into banning it too. The hostility towards these foods means that they wont be bought or sold in the market, but their applications are so extensive and diverse that it is hard do ignore the many benefits that GM foods could bring. These include beliefs that there is potential for a negative environmental impact associated with production processes or farming practices and perceptions that there is uncertainty associated with unplanned human or animal health effects. (Miles 2001) Positives. With the worlds population said to increase to 9.6 billion by 2050 (according to the U.N) demand for food supply will increase dramatically. 60% more food will be required by 2050. (Alexandratos N 2012) Figure 3. Shows how much corn, rice, maze and soybean will have to be grown to meet the demands of 2050. Food production will be under pressure and at an all time high. Advances in food and agricultural technology need to beShow MoreRelatedGenetically Foods : Genetically Modified Foods1239 Words   |  5 PagesGenetically Modified Foods â€Å"70 percent of our corn farmland and 93 percent of soy farmland are planted with crops genetically engineered to resist pests and herbicides and increase crop yields. 60% of all the processed foods in the United States are genetically modified; a shocking statistic has the concern of many Americans. However, most people are uninformed about the beneficial impact that genetically modified food has on their diet. GM is the use of molecular biology technology to modify theRead MoreGenetically Modified Food : Modified Foods1165 Words   |  5 PagesCheenne 09/21/2014 Genetically Modified Food Accompany the growing population in the world and food shortages, in order to alleviate the immediate crisis, transgenic technology began to be used in the field of food production. Genetic engineering technology as a young technology, which gives us a lot of genetically modified food and gained unprecedented gains. But science is a double-edged sword. People are concern the topic about that whether genetically modified foods is safety. It is evidentlyRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods822 Words   |  4 PagesGenetically Modified Foods What is it that we are eating? GMO’s are unnatural. Is it healthy to eat something that doesn’t belong in our digestive system? GMO’s are genetically modified food. Genetically modified foods are created by taking genes from plants and animals and inserting into our food to alter the genetic engineering. In 1984, GMO’s were first introduced when a plant was modified from antibiotic resistant tobacco. In 1994, genetically modifying food was approved by the FDA and theRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Food947 Words   |  4 PagesAs genetically modified food appeared into people’s consciousness, it had been at the center of vehement controversy. Because people lack information about genetically modified food’s potential influence, they wonder whether genetically modified food is a miracle or not. Genetically modified food can solve several problems. The potential effects of genetically modified food also should be measured. Howe ver, people should not assume that genetically modified food only has disadvantages, but understandRead MoreGenetically And Genetically Modified Foods1979 Words   |  8 Pages Genetically modified organisms are plants and animals that have been biologically engineered with the DNA of other plants, animals, bacteria, etc. Such modifications and combinations cannot occur in nature through crossbreeding or by other organic means. While commonplace in the vast majority of our marketplace, the information and nature of genetically modified foods is not as common. Information is, in fact, available on these genetically modified products, but they have to be sought out. TheRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1101 Words   |  4 Pages Ever wondered what has been put into everyday food and what the impact is on human health? Approximately 60-80 % of everyday food has one ingredient made from genetically modified foods. When hearing â€Å"genetically modified food† people automatically think it is only bad for health, but there is also a good impact surprisingly. The one bad thing is that people do not know what types food have been modified because the re are no labels for GMO products. Even though GMOs have a bad impact on humanRead MoreWhat Are Genetically Modified Foods?1236 Words   |  5 PagesWhat are genetically-modified foods? The term GM foods or GMOs (genetically-modified organisms) is most commonly used to refer to crop plants created for human or animal consumption using the latest molecular biology techniques. These plants have been modified in the laboratory to enhance desired traits such as increased resistance to herbicides or improved nutritional content. The enhancement of desired traits has traditionally been undertaken through breeding, but conventional plant breeding methodsRead MoreGenetically Modified Foods1787 Words   |  7 PagesPart 1 Genetically Modified Food ‘With genetically modified foods I believe we have reached the thin edge of the wedge, we are messing with the building blocks of life and its scary’ - Malcom Walker, Chairman and Chief Executive of Iceland Foods (Quotes from Scientists). Genetically modified organisms or GMOs are plants or animals made by splicing the gene and inserting DNA from different species of plants, animals, bacteria, and viruses. These genes would not naturally result in a cross breed.Read MoreGenetically Modified Food1213 Words   |  5 PagesThis report evaluate about the genetically modified food that why we need this, what are its key issues and how we can overcome these issues? In the field of biotechnology, the vast development was observed in the last few decades comprising the manipulation of genetic material to generate animal and plants with certain desirable attributes. Genetically Modified/Manipulated Organisms frequently termed as GMOs, refer to organisms whose genetic material has been modified through recombinant DNA (rDNA)Read MoreGenetically Modified Foods1928 Words   |  8 PagesAre genetically modified foods assessed differently from traditional foods? Genetically Modified Foods (GMOs) are known to cause a swarm of controversy; a lot of experts disagree with the notion that if it’s economically successful, then the potential health risks found in Genetically Modified Foods can be overlooked. The questions someone must ask themselves is this, can the Genetically Modified Foods be helpful? Does money matter more than your health? Ask yourself these questions. But before

No child left behind policy Free Essays

Education indeed is a very important aspect in an individual’s life. In a personal quest for enhancing and developing oneself in general so as his or her innate talents will actually determine the possibilities of the future of the said individual whereas it will actually reflect whether that individual will indeed be successful or fail in his or her own path in life. The education that is said to be relevant is the one where the individual will actually gain experience, basic and practical knowledge and will train and develop the innate qualities and characteristics of an individual’s personality. We will write a custom essay sample on No child left behind policy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The basic elements and characteristics of the concept of education in the society is the one wherein the whole process is governed and being guided by a certain individual tasked to be the teacher. Since the whole process itself of education is very complicated and intricate in its nature of guiding the one learning, the teacher’s actions and personal concept on the matter is very much relevant to the whole concept. From this, the possibilities of the outcome of the educational process will be generally based on the actions and perception of the teacher and how he or she will facilitates the whole learning environment. The very basic methodology of the teacher that is being applied in the learning process is very much significant to the attainment of positive results mainly on the part of the students. Through the questioning procedures being applied by the teacher, he or she can actually encourage the student’s interest on the learning process thus, also engaging the student’s thinking and logical abilities on the activity. In addition, the application of effective questioning methodology can also encourage the students in a reasoning debate with their teachers and fellow students in their class thus developing their sense of reasoning and probing their own opinion. Involve in this concept also is the positive development of personal characteristics and perspective of the students by comparing their own thinking to the others thus evolving their convincing and descriptive skills and also their listening and correlating abilities. Thus, the use of effective questioning methodology of the teacher can create a harmonious classroom environment where students can share and acquire different opinions and ideas. Through the employment of the concept of a good and harmonious educational environment, students can further develop and hasten their own personal characteristics while they themselves are involve in the learning process. Students will be able to develop their communication skills with their fellow students in exchanging and sharing their personal opinions. In addition, student enthusiasm and participation can be actively encouraged through developing good learning environment. Because of this concept, teacher’s application of his or her own effective questioning methodology is very much significant because this will actually promote the positive environment in the educational group and organization. Another benefit of employing effective questioning in the learning process is its significance in the communication aspect on the part of the teacher and the student. Exchanging opinions and comments between the two parties is also relevant to the development of the teaching methodology on the part of the teacher and the inquisitions of the student regarding the education. By employing effective questioning methodology, teachers can promote an educational environment wherein students can also raise feedbacks and suggestions to the teaching style and methodology of the teacher thus improving the adequacy of the instructional methodology of the teacher. Thus, employing an efficient and positive questioning methodology is indeed significant to the learning process of the student and the development of the teaching style and application on the part of the teacher. In addition, employing efficient questioning tactics and methodology can also promote development of a good and harmonious communication environment that can inspire exchange of ideas and opinions from among the students and between them and the teacher. With this, learning will significantly progress on the part of the students while evolving their own personal characteristics in correlating and communicating with others. Because of these reasons, indeed applying an effective questioning methodology is important in achieving positive results in the learning development of the students and their teacher. What Parents Could Do Parent’s involvement and participation to their child’s learning development has been proven to have positive results. It appears that the simple encouragement and appreciation that parents have toward their child’s accomplishment and academic and scholarly activities will help the child’s esteem and positive perceptions toward his or her academe. This idea is also supported by study conducted by Bornholt and Goodnow (1999) about the relationship of parental expectations and adolescent disclosure to the academic competence of students. Accordingly, they concluded that: â€Å"Adolescent self-disclosure to parents suggested an important addition to the model of family influences on the adolescents ‘sense of academic achievement† (Bornholt and Goodnow, 1999). This conclusion agrees with that of the journal article written by McGrath and Repetti (2000) but the center of the article is about the difference of influence by the mother and the father regarding the academic competence of the child. Thus, the statistical study presented in the journal article is about the differences between the mother’s and father’s attitudes toward their children’s academic performance. According to the statistical research of McGrath and Repetti (2000), parent’s attitudes toward their children’s academic performance are gender-differentiated. That is, mothers are believed to be concerned about the performance of both their sons and daughters while fathers are more concerned about their son’s. In addition, mothers tend to set lower academic performance standard compare to that of the father’s making them more relentless about the academic performance of their children. Using methodology like conducting statistical survey and observing a random families and their educational institution, they determined the mean and significant differences between the mother’s and father’s involvement in their children’s academic performance. Also, they handed out questionnaires and performed interviews to determine the response of the parents regarding this psychological and sociological idea. Basing from their data, McGrath and Repetti (2000) found out that girls and boys perceived themselves to be more academically competent when their mothers reported greater satisfaction with their performance in school making their commendation and acknowledgement with their children’s accomplishments more significant to the children’s academic self-perception. Conclusion Though there is only little significant difference among the influence of the participation of the mother and the father regarding the academic performance and self-perception of the child, the effect itself and significance depends solely on what the child thinks about it and how he or she will respond to it. One reason why it appears that mother’s participation have great effect seems to reciprocate from the fact that mothers are more open and emotional close to the children compare to fathers. Thus, the child might rely more on the help and support of the mother because it is easier to gain or the child is more emotional attached to her thus desiring to please her more. Other case where the father’s participation has more significant impact depends maybe on the situation itself like scenarios where the mother’s participation cannot be easily achieved or the child personally has more emotional connection with him than the mother might result to the said conclusion. Thus, the differences between the influence of the participation and satisfaction by the mother and the father with their child’s academic performance and to the child’s self-perception do not rouse much concern. Most important is that parent’s participation, interest and satisfaction to the child’s academic performance whether from the mother or the father are essential to the child’s emotional, and mental development and his or her self-esteem and perception. References: Archived Information (October 1997). Family Involvement in Children’s Education. http://www.ed.gov/pubs/FamInvolve/execsumm.html. November 16, 2007. Bornholt, L. J. and Goodnow, J. J. (1999). Cross-Generation Perceptions of Academic Competence: Parental Expectations and Adolescent Self-Disclosure. Journal of Adolescent Research. Sage Publications. Cotton, Kathleen and Wikelund, Karen Reed (August 2001). Parent Involvement in Education. Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory. http://www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/3/cu6.html. November 16, 2007. McGrath, Emily P. and Rena L. Repetti (Dec 2000). Mother’s and Father’s Attitudes Toward Their Children’s Academic Performance and Children’s Perceptions of Their Academic Competence. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 29.6. National Education Association (2006). Getting Involved in Your Child’s Education. http://www.nea.org/parents/index.html. November 16, 2007. ; How to cite No child left behind policy, Essay examples

Emphasis on Positive Accounting Research

Question: Discuss about the Emphasis on Positive Accounting Research. Answer: Introduction The topic of the article is Positive Accounting Research. The article has laid down the emphasis on Positive accounting research rather than the Positive Accounting theory as applied by the Watts and Zimmerman in a particular accounting theory. Positive accounting theory has been based on the assumption of having the human rational behavior which includes managers, stakeholders, employees, etc. Positive accounting only helps in providing the explanation and predictions about the event or unobserved phenomena. It does not provide any guiding factor to the humans to act in different manner in different situations (Watts and Zimmerman, 1990). Unlike Watts and Zimmerman, the author has considered the positive accounting research as part of the wider scientific project. It will make the readers understand the cause and effect relationship that will happen in the world that has been defined in the study. The accounting is such that in which the behavior of humans may be studied in details with reference to their working in the complex organizations. The aim of the author is to analyze the cause and effect relationship. The main argument with which the article has dealt with is whether the positive accounting research has made meaningful contribution towards the wider scientific project. The paper has been divided into eight different sections. The paper has started with the introduction and giving details of the scientific project. Thereafter examples have been cited for positive research in accounting succeeded by information about the ontology and epistemology of scientific project. After understanding the aims and other factors, the testing is done by using hypothesis and other models. After having the deficiencies in the research program which has been analyzed through the testing, requisite factors are mentioned for having successful research program. Then the gap has been analyzed as to why the positive accounting research is being applied as it is as against a s envisaged in the beginning. The paper then comes to an end with the concluding paragraph stating the suggestions as to which should be done to have an effective research program so as to overcome the deficiencies. With this considerations and aim the paper has been formed and made available to useful readers. The author has stated that the positive accounting research is different from the positive accounting theory as applied by Watts and Zimmerman. It is because the latter has applied the theory in the field of accounting in understanding the human behavior with the assumption of having self centered behavior whereas the author has considered the positive accounting research as part of the huge scientific project (Watts and Zimmerman, 1990). It considers it as science. The aim of the study is to identify the cause and effect relationships along with the contribution towards the scientific project. At first the author has argued the old philosophies of sophists and vague imaginations thereafter he states the importance of human behavior in the study and elaborates the same on step to step basis. These elaborations have been made with the help of real life examples along with the major valuation models including statistical methods. He has argued at various level of study either on the ol d theories of philosophers or on the different models and has majorly argued that only rational human behavior shall not be considered but also the other factors which are non rational shall be considered including financial parameters. He has laid down emphasis on financial parameters and has suggested having different models for analyzing. Thus, in order to summarize the article, the main focus is on the positive accounting research and its being considered as part of scientific project and analyzing how much contribution is made by the research program to the scientific project. Question of Research As per the paper, the question of research program is distinctive of what the author has suggested in the beginning. In the beginning he has mentioned that positive accounting research is considered as part of the wider scientific project with the aim of analyzing the cause and effect relationships in the world as defined in the study. But later it was established that the major research question is that how much contribution the research program made for the wider scientific project. Through the hypothesis, he checked for null hypothesis at given value and with 5%-10% confidence interval. The paper has gained much weight age with the given results. The results have come up the research question. The research question has flowed from the different theories to the different models of valuation. He has emphasized on financial parameters and for the purpose of illustrating the studies auditing literature has been selected as auditor and auditee relationship gives different ways of understanding the human rational behavior and other non rational factors. Throughout the literature of the paper, the research question and all other matters in its context has been carried from one stage to other stage. His research is further encouraged when the he has got an answer of his earlier claims for science as science will never be able to answer X (Sterling R,1990) . This fact has been negated in short period of time which has further increased the confidence of author. He has further along with defining the research question has laid down the importance of positive research program, not only in economics and accounting but also in other field s of study. Theoretical Framework In order to conduct any research or perform any kind of work or function, framework should be present. Framework may be theoretical, practical or customizable. One shall perform within the framework otherwise the work done or will be done in a haphazard manner. Thus, defining the framework before starting or taking up any work is of utmost important in every spheres of work. In the article, theoretical framework has been formed. Theoretical means the involvement of theories in the construction of framework within which the activity needs to be performed or task needs to be undertaken (Christenon C, 1983). The theoretical framework has been prepared by using various theories. In the beginning the author has used the theory of Kuhn who has suggested matrix which helps in solving the puzzles in very fast manner within the group and further rewarding the persons within that group (Kuhn, 1970). Thereafter theory of Lee has been considered due to which the Kuhn theory has gained advantage. After this, author have developed his own imaginative theory consisting of four facts stating: World exists which is out of our imagination Events occurred have causes which are considered as part of the world People in the world obtain information about events Have an understanding of the World under study. Thereafter, theory of sophists have been mentioned who states that nothing exists, if exists than no one know about it and if someone knows then none of them can communicate the fact. After this, agency hypothesis is mentioned where principal and agent relationship has been detailed. Most importantly Poppers model has been mentioned and discussed in detail stating the four step procedure: Observe and develop ideas Develop predictions Test the predictions so developed Replication of second and third steps. Through poppers model various facts and figures have been identified and analyzed. Thereafter, statistical methods have been used. In this way, the theoretical framework has been strong on which the paper has been build and has come out with relevant figures and facts. The Significance and Limitations The paper has gained significance over the years. In the relevant context the paper has gained not only the importance in the field of accounting, economics, and science but also in other fields. The importance has been gained due to the sequence of events that has been listed in the paper starting from the very fact of importance of positive accounting research and ending with the conclusions stating the various suggestions for having the good research program. There are many reasons for having significance. First is the use of different theoretical concepts and development of sound theoretical framework. Second is putting the emphasis not only on the theories but also on the financial parameters by using the logarithm functions and defining the cause and effect relationship with the use of different variable like audit fee, auditor, auditee and quantum of work, etc. Due to above the article has been very useful for understanding the human behavior in different fields. It contains v arious examples and some are of real life like of Pioneer Spacecraft, Kashmir, etc. At some stages author has acknowledged the limitations. For instance at one stage the author has mentioned that the positive accounting research though very useful has not gained much importance because of the fact that the people does not want to understand the world within the cause and effect relationship can be analyzed. Another acknowledgement he has made at the time of describing the Kuhn model where the puzzles are solved fast in a very short period of time and awards are given to the people within that group. He acknowledged that the awards are given irrespective of the fact that whether it contributes to the wider scientific research project or not. With this deficiencies even then the author has mentioned that its Kuhn model which fits into the positive research program being the part of the wider scientific research project (Millen M, 2001). Yes, the author has draw many theoretical conclu sions out of the theoretical framework within which the positive research program has been evaluated and checked how much contribution it has made to the wider scientific project. The limitations that have been acknowledged by the author and other related limitations have affected the significance of article. But the affect is not much that can negate the value of an article in the eyes of the people and person conducting the research. Adding further, the limitation of Kuhn model and acknowledged limitation has to some extent invalidated the findings and observations of the article made by the author. Thus, in totality the article is of utmost importance and has significance as equal to other relevant articles Conclusion As per the beginning of the article, Positive Accounting theory and positive accounting research are both distinct. Positive accounting theory as used by Watts and Zimmerman has explained the rational human behavior in account settings, whereas positive accounting research is research program which is considered as part of the wider scientific project. The author has not only cited the theories of different authors but have also created or invented theories on the basis of his own imagination citing that different kind of world exists and predictions will be there and so on. Apart from that the author has cited the examples from the auditing literature which has further help the author to explain the human behavior in much more clear context. Its because, the auditor and auditee relationship is something different where neither the employer and employee relationship will as countered in different kinds of organization nor there will be the relationship of agent and principal where th e agent is bound to act on the behalf of the principal as per his directions who in return gets the commission. The auditor auditee relationship has laid down some important facts and figures which otherwise cannot be obtained with any kind of human behavior. Also it helps in explaining the cause and effect relationship in the full. The article has adopted various mathematical and statistical measures. It has used the logarithm table and has defined various dependent and independent variables. Most importantly the author has acknowledged the limitations in the study and long with that he has very categorically defined the factors which are required for having successful positive research program. In the concluding paragraph in the article the author has laid down four major suggestion which acts as an eye opener for the readers of the articles. First is to have better theoretical models, second is to have better measurement, third is to have focus on estimation of parameters and fou rth is that there must be extensive replication of process. Thus in the way to conclude, the article has come up with new facts, figures and provided the best ways to have good research program. References Watts R. and Zimmerman L. (1990), Positive Accounting Theory : A Ten YearPerspective,availableon https://faculty.etsu.edu/pointer/watts%26zimmerman2.pdf accessed on 14/12/2016. Milne M, (2001), Positive Accounting Theory, Political Costs and Social Disclosure Analysis : A Critical Look, available on https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.199.7620rep=rep1type=pdf accessed on 13/12/2016. Outline of Positive Accounting Theory available on www.umanitoba.ca/faculties/management/acctfin/courses/.../group84.doc accessed on 13/12/2016. Sterling R, (1990), Positive Accounting : An Assessment , ABACUS, pages 98-130 Christenson C, (1983), The methodology of positive accounting. The Accounting Review 58 (1), 1-22. Kuhn T. S., (1970), The structure of scientific revolutions, 2nd Edition, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.

They Are Our Grandparents, Our Relatives, Our Friends. They Essays

They are our grandparents, our relatives, our friends. They are the immigrants. They came from all over the world for many reasons, such as, religious persecution and racial tension, but the largest reason for coming to America was for freedom. The freedom to live where we want, to own property, to take part in the government and most importantly, the freedom to be treated like a human being. Coming over was extremely difficult. For some, there were good, seaworthy boats, but most boats were overcrowded, dirty, and disgusting. For Jews, the passage was extremely difficult because of the non-kosher ship food. People were pushed together like cattle. Most people became seasick. From one account came descriptions of unsanitary bathrooms. This, surely, must have been torture, but, hopefully, most immigrants found the dreadful trip to be worth the freedom at the other end. Ellis Island, also, was far from sanitary. The people would break down into lines, and walk by a doctor, trying to hide any physical problems. Children over two had to be able to walk by themselves. If the doctor noticed anything wrong he would use a piece of chalk to show the person required further inspection. If, this was indeed the case, the person would be set aside in a cage. Another test was that of sanity. An interpreter would ask each person a few questions just to find a sensible answer to test mental stability. The last and most feared doctor checked for disease by lifting the eyelid. He scared children, and probably spread more disease than the people he checked. From an eyewitness account, his gloves were not sterile, and he did not change or even wash them between examinations. I, myself, found this disgusting, and dangerous. Then, immigrants filed into lines by nationality to be questioned. The questions scared many people. Should they tell the truth or lie. Which answer would make sure that they could stay in America. Later, for Jews, help came. A group called the "Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society," (HIAS) told them to tell the truth, and helped them through the period between leaving the boat and getting settled in the west. Some officials were corrupt, and allowed bribes. This makes me wonder, if this was the land of freedom and justice as it had been claimed. Through the ordeal, one thing is certain. All of the immigrants passing through Ellis Island were scared and confused. It was one feeling that most of these people would probably be exposed to for the next few months. There were many restrictions. People with certain diseases would be sent back. Laws, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act, would not let certain nationalities into America. In the early twentieth century it was decided that Japanese people would not be allowed into America. This was surely not the land of liberty that had been promised by our forefathers. One of the nationalities traveling to America were Jews. They were treated somewhat differently. This was probably because many of their countries would not accept them. The first Jews in the new world were Morranos from Spain. They fled their homeland because of the inquisition. They traveled from Spain to South America, and then to New Amsterdam. They, at first were rejected by Peter Stuyvesant, but petitioned the Dutch West India Company of Amsterdam, Holland, and, eventually were let into the colony. Stuyvesant was determined to make life hard for the Jews, and therefore denied them the right to build a synagogue. Luckily, for the Jews, the colony was soon to be taken over by the British. Under certain British naturalization laws, the Jews were able to build a synagogue in the colony. Jews in Savannah were accepted, but only to a degree. This was because of Samuel Nunes, a Jewish doctor who helped to stop a disease that had already killed many people. Even then, Jews were given land away from the main town. In the American Revolution Jews did not take any specific sides. Some believed that the freedom that they had gained under the English rule would be lost. Other felt that the taxes were too high and joined the Patriots. Later, in the Civil War, Jews took sides as everyone else. Their location meant everything. Jews in the north sided with the Union, and Jews in the south sided with the Confederacy. Unfortunately, a law was passed by Congress forbidding Jewish Chaplains in the Union army. Congress later passed a law stating that chaplains had to be "ministers of some religious denomination," which included Christian ministers and Jewish rabbis. Then, more trouble came for the Jews. Ulysees S.

Tips for a Successful Career and Get a Dream Position

Tips for a Successful Career and Get a Dream Position How to Be Successful at Work Can you recall now the best advice on how to be successful at work? Besides, do you remember who let you in on this secret? Whether it was your high school teacher, college professor or your internship mentor, I guess, this person will long remain in your mind, especially if the given advice on the steps to be successful at work proved to be useful. Whether the advice is useful personally to you or not depends on how well you understand it and put it into practice. As a rule, it is not complex but easy to get and sometimes it can be so obvious that you cant help wondering why you havent thought of it yourself. Get a dream position in the company, explore the following pieces of advice: 1. Work on your emotional maturity Being emotionally intelligent is an invaluable asset that will definitely help you in any career you land. First of all, it will enable you to overcome all the existing challenges at work and simply survive there (especially if the job is rather tough). EI acquisition will help you become more self-confident, resilient, strong, and determined. Besides, it will help you improve your interaction and communication skills. 2. Acquire the secrets of effective negotiations Conflicts and disagreements are a common thing not only in the workplace but simply everywhere where you happen to interact with people. Therefore, in order not to waste your energy on unnecessary disagreements, you should learn how to discuss and negotiate matters in a calm way. At work, such ability to reach consensus is especially important as you will learn how to reach a win-win situation. 3. Investigate your chefs/ managers mindset Try to think outside the box and do not merely co ncentrate on your personal wishes and urge to succeed. Think, for example, from the company owners or your boss perspective. Be more than an employee demanding a regular paycheck each month realize that you also need to have a deep interest in the company matters and its overall success (not only your personal). 4. Realize your value and workers potential Sometimes, your lack of self-worth or self-appreciation is the only thing that holds you back from gaining success at work. Therefore, if you would like to get a promotion or enjoy some other working benefits, then you need to realize that you deserve and not be shy to talk about this stuff. Focus on the way you do things not just the results. If you understand that you are really good at something, you will have that inner feeling that you are worthy of more than that. 5. Be tolerant when you receive a feedback from someone At first, you might get really angry when you receive a feedback regarding the quality of your performance or accomplishment of a particular task. However, try not to be steered by your emotions. React to the feedbacks in a professional and mature way treat them as an opportunity that helps you uncover your hidden talents and as a chance to improve your work even more.

The Importance Of The Political Philosophy For The State And Society Essay

The Importance Of The Political Philosophy For The State And Society - Essay Example States have long used enemies as a justification for their existence (IE population will support them for supposed protection from an enemy). Hardt and Negri’s book Empire, argues that the modern state has shifted its definition of the enemy from traditional ones, such as ideology (IE Communism) or state (for instance during European wars), to a violator of law - states manufacture the enemy as a sort of criminal (83). States have thus maneuvered themselves into a situation where any opposition to the state represents a deviant nature and something that the state has an obligation to address. In Hardt and Negri’s understanding, the enemies of the state are no longer extramural – they are in fact by definition within the state, a part of the state structure. This differs from classical neoliberal understandings of Empire, which address Empire building through expansion beyond borders, especially in an economic sense. In interpreting the quotation â€Å"Hitherto the philosophers have only interpreted the world: the point, however, is to transform it,† it is important to remember the origin of philosophy as a tradition of knowledge. Philosophy started as a form of ancient science – before standards of experimentation, testability and so on were developed, philosophers attempted to use reason to form a better understanding of the world around them. Modern science has since taken up much of the challenge of interpreting the world, by using a structured system of logic and experimentation to build causal relationships between physical phenomenon. Science has thus continually eroded the traditional realm of philosophy, especially once it started addressing the state of the human mind through neuroscience.

Internet and related web technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Internet and related web technologies - Essay Example Basically, the Internet refers to a huge network of networks in which millions of computers and devices are connected to each other via cables or some other medium. Hence, the internet is surely a huge hardware mixture of millions of business, personal and governmental devices and computers, in which all linked like highways and roads. At the present, the internet has turned out to be a significant part of people’s lives. In addition, the Internet is not the ownership of a single person and even there is not a single organization or government that runs it. However, they can pose some technical rules and hardware/software standards regarding how people plug into the Internet. As compared to the Internet, the World Wide Web is the huge collection of digital pages. In other words, this huge and significant software component of the Internet is responsible for distributing data, information and content in the form of HTML pages. In addition, these web pages and information are ac cessed and viewed by using free software known as web browsers (Gil, 2013). The DNS and Directories As discussed above, the data and information on the Internet can be accessed through web sites and these web sites use proper names, which are known as domain. In addition, on the internet each domain name is identified as IP (internet protocol) address. In view of the fact that these IP addresses are difficult to remember so they can be replaced with some of the well-known and user friendly terms such as www.google.com, on the other hand the IP address of this domain could be different in the database such as 32.34.43.23. Basically, the Domain Name System (DNS) is an Internet directory service that is used by the Internet to convert or translate user-friendly web site names into the mathematical format such as IP addresses which are used by the computers for communication over the Internet. In this scenario, a large number of systems (computers and other devices) on the Internet get together to offer this directory service. Moreover, these directories allow people to connect to computers by making use of names instead of numbers. Furthermore, DNS also allows computers and other devices to web addresses and handle email (Shelly, Cashman, Vermaat, Cashman, & Vermaat, 2004; UCAR, 2009). Navigational Tools and Search Engines Basically, the navigational tools are software applications that are used to navigate a web site. In this scenario, there are a large number of navigational tools which allow us to access data and information from the Internet. For instance, Microsoft Internet Explorer and Google Chrome are two of the well-known navigational tools. On the other hand, a web search engine is a software system that is developed with the purpose of searching for the desired data, information (videos or any content) on the World Wide Web. In this scenario, the results that appear in response to a search query are normally provided in a line of results which are know n as search engine results pages (SERPs). In addition, the results of a search query can contain anything such as information, pictures and other types of files. Some of the well-known search engines are Google, MSN, and Yahoo (Wikipedia, 2013). Intranets and Extranets The intranet is a kind of network that can be used within an organization. This network cannot be accessed by the people outside of the

Book Banning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Book Banning - Essay Example One could always come out with the excuses that a specific work of literature or a book could destabilize the society or may have a drastic affect on the impressionable minds (Nocera, 1982).. However, the very act of banning books violates the freedom of speech guaranteed in the constitution and amounts to the deplorable act of suppressing an idea. No free society can allow for the suppression of original and innovative ideas. Freedom and creativity is primarily about allowing for a free play of ideas in a nation and a society, and the act of censorship or the suppression of ideas amounts to intellectual and academic elitism or for that matter orthodoxy. Books should never be banned, especially in the multicultural societies, which are always open to relative and multiple interpretations of ideas. In a free society, every idea and ideology has the right to find its place in the print. Just because a vast section of the society or a majority group does not particularly agree with an idea, this in no way allows for constraining or hampering the dissemination of an idea cherished and liked by a minority part of the society. Certainly, it does not mean that there exists nothing like bad or evil ideas. However, even if an idea is bad or evil in its ramifications, the censorship or banning of such an idea not only bolsters its hold over the society, but hits hard at the very fundamental ethos of the democratic societies like free speech, tolerance and the acceptance of off beat or innovative ideas and views. Ideas should be counteracted, and opposed by ideas and not by autocratic and coercive means like statutory provisions and government al or state regulation (Nocera, 1982). Such ethos not only allow a society to be ever fresh, innovative and vibrant, but usher in a quintessentially tolerant and catholic intellectual atmosphere, where a free flow and interaction of multiple ideas leads to growth, development and a continual revival of the society. A controversial work of literature always has the potential to give way to debates and discussions in the social arena, which is the hallmark of all the free and democratic societies.To some extent, the banning of the books is justified, especially in the contemporary scenarios marred by a widespread proliferation of hate ideologies and international terrorism. However, the kind of books that need to be banned are the ones that promote hate and intolerance against a particular section of the society, that teach people to operate lethal weapons and how to make bombs, that intend to perpetrate violence and abuse, that threaten or intimidate the masses or that discernibly an d unambiguously intend to jeopardize social, religious and political harmony and tolerance. Yet, the very act of censorship and book banning cold be carried beyond the limits of reason and understanding by framing or dubbing the diverse or varied interpretations of ideas as being blasphemous, anti-social, pervert or unpatriotic. So its better that the national conscience and the state focus their power on obstructing and suppressing the obviously violent and intolerant groups and texts,

Changes in the Seasonal Influenza a (H3N2) Viruses NS Gene

Changes in the Seasonal Influenza a (H3N2) Viruses NS Gene Analysis of Amino Acid Sequence and Identifying of Changes in the Influenza  A/(H3N2) virus NS Gene in Isolates from Iran Lawal D. Rogo,  Farhad Rezaei,  Nazanin Z. Shafiei Jandaghi,  Nastaran Ghavami,  Ghazal-Sadat Fateminasab,  Talat Mokhtari-Azad Subject: Medical Sciences Keywords: Influenza A (H3N2) virus, Iran, Mutation, NS1 gene. Abstract The main functions of NS protein of influenza A virus is suppressing of type I IFN production by the host. Insight on the level of changes in the seasonal influenza A (H3N2) viruses NS gene in Iran is little. We sequence and analyzed amino acid of NS gene of 32 influenza A (H3N2) virus isolates for the purpose of getting detailed information about the genetic changes in this gene. Amino acid sequence revealed 5 different changes in NS1protein. Three of which are fixed amino acid changes E26K, D209N and K229E while 10 (31.3%) T58P and 5 (15.6%) A86S amino acid changes were also observed. There was no change observed in nuclear export protein (NEP). The study provides an insight on mutations in NS gene occurring in this viral gene in the country that has not been reported elsewhere. Keywords: Influenza A (H3N2) virus, Iran, Mutation, NS1 gene. Introduction: Influenza viruses have been widely studied due to their pandemic capability. This capabilities have resulted in more mortality and severe disease in the general population, the most notable being the Spanish influenza pandemic of 1918 and 19191. Mechanism of virulence for these viruses is on their capacity to cause immunopathogenesis. Synthesis of two mRNAs from the eighth vRNA segment of the viral gene was known by Influenza A virus. The early encodes NS1 protein, and the later is produced by splicing of NS1 mRNA that is translated into a protein which localizes in the cell nucleus that was formally named NS2 but were now renamed the nuclear export protein (NEP) 2,3. NS1 protein is translated from the mRNA directly and consists of 124–237 amino acids (aa), depending on the virus strain 4- 6. The currently circulating Influenza A/H3N2 virus in Iranian population from this research is 230 aa-long. NS1 protein is made of two important domains: N-terminal RNA-binding domain (1–73) and C-terminal effector domain (73–237) residues 7. Though NS1 protein has different roles, one of its main actions is to alter type I IFN production by the host8, acts after transcription to prevent the 3 ´-end processing of host mRNA involving IFN mRNA by attaching to cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor 30 (CPSF30) and poly-A-binding protein nuclear I 9,10 . One hundred and twenty one amino acid-long proteins were translated from mRNA of NS2/NEP11. In the current study it is 120 aa-long. It may promote production of a stable export complex of new viral RNP. In alliance with matrix protein 1(M1), it interacts with cellular export factor (CEF1) and modulates nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes by connecting cellular export machinery with vRNPs 14. NS gene implication in virulence and replication of the virus is well-documented. It has been shown that both NS1 F103L and M106I were adaptive changes that promoted replicative capacities in cells of different species and also virulence in the mouse lung15. NS1 is one of multifunctional protein determinant of virulence with several functions in different ways to counteract the cellular innate immune response 14. It has been reported that H5N1 virus was able to interfere with IFN-ÃŽ ² activation due to properties of its NS1 gene, inhabiting F103L and M106I changes and also nature of its NP and PA genes15. Avian influenza viruses sequence analysis shows that NS1 protein C-terminal four residues is a probable PDZ domain ligand (PL) of the X-S/T-X-V type 16. Protein–protein recognition modulation that organizes diverse cell signaling assemblies was shown to be function PDZ domains. It was known to plays important roles in the cell recognition process. Ninety percent of the human influenza viruses with RSKV or RSEV in NS1 protein were shown to have a C-terminal four-residue PL sequence. High mortality outbreaks of the recent time known to be of avian origin and therefore contain avian-like NS1 C-terminal PL residues of ESEV or EPEV which are incriminated to about 7% of Homo sapiens viruses consist of H5N1 isolates. It was reported that avian viruses NS1 proteins bind to ≈30 known human PDZ domain-containing proteins, and NS1 proteins for human attaching to PDZ domain-containing proteins was not noticed 14. It has been reported that C terminus of the NS1 substitution with KSEV from the 1918 H1N1 virus increased pathogenicity as observed by morphological changes of lung sections, though the virus was shown to causes less weight loss in mice in contrast with viruses harboring the H5N1 HPAI14. Previous studies have identified a change in NS1 gene (S42P, D92E and V149A) with regard to the involvement of NS1 protein in virulence that increased viral pathogenicity17-19. NS gene extent of variation in the influenza A (H3N2) viruses in Iran in recent years has not been described. Presently analysis of NS gene of 32 isolates where carried out from Iranian population in order to secure more detailed information about its phylogeny and genetic changes, and compare the changes found in these strains, the vaccine strain and other isolates from countries in northern hemisphere. The aim of the study is sequence analysis of amino acid and identification of changes in the NS gene of influenza A (H3N2) virus isolated in Iran that may affect the functions of this protein in pathogenesis. Methods: Two hundred and fourteen specimens of patients with respiratory illness were obtained from the National Influenza Centre at School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. It was cultured in MDCK cell line following WHO guide line for influenza A virus isolation. RNA extraction was carried out with High Pure Viral Nucleic acid extraction kit (Roche Diagnostic, Germany) according to manufacturer’s protocol. Real-Time RT-PCR was carried out for the detection of Influenza viruses. Ninety specimens were positive for influenza A/H3N2 virus. NS gene was amplified using one-step RT-PCR kit (Qiagen) and specific primers (NSH3N2-F:5 ´-AGCAAAAGCAGGGTGACAAAGA-3 ´ and NSH3N2-R:5 ´-GAGAAAGTTCTTATCTCCTGTTCCA-3 ´). The condition for the RT-PCR was as follows: Reverse transcription at 50 °C for 40 minutes, initial PCR activation at 95 °C for 10 minutes, Denaturation at 95 °C for 30 second, Annealing at 57 °C for 30 second, Extension at 72 °C for 1 minutes (for 40 cycles) and a final extension at 75 °C for 10 minutes. The PCR products were purified using Qiaquick gel purification kit (Qiagen) according to manufacturer’s instruction. Samples were sequenced using specific primers and Big Dye terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing kit with the genetic analyzer ABI 3130 in the National Influenza Laboratory. Sequence alignment was done using BIOEDIT and ClustalW program20. Sequence alignment revealed similarities amongst the isolates. NS gene sequences of 32 influenza A/H3N2 virus strains isolated in this study out of 90 sequenced were selected base on the site of sample collection, compared and analyzed with the vaccine strain and the sequences obtainable from other countries in the northern hemisphere already deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetic tree construction were performed using MEGA Software version 5.05 21. Result Isolates represent samples collected from June 2013 to March 2014. In the current study 230 aa were found in NS1 while the NS2/NEP had 120 amino acids. Analysis depicted relationship phylogenetically that shows there are exact clusters of the virus suggestive of co-circulation of multiple sub-lineages (Figure 1). In respect to genetic variation, H3 numbering system of amino acid was used in naming the detected amino acid changes 13, 14. Substitutions were found in 26, 58, 86, 209 and 229 aa positions in NS1 protein, respectively (Table 1). There was no amino substitution in regard to NS2/NEP found. NS1 proteins have fixed amino acid substitution at positions 26, 209 and 229 in the current study. At position 26, it occurs as a result of substitution at the 76-78 Codon from GAA to AAA causing a glutamate to lysine substitution. In position 209, substitution occurs at 625-627 Codon from GAT to AAT causing an aspartate to asparagine substitution. While in position 229, substitution occurs at 685 – 687 Codon from AAA to GAA causing a lysine to glutamate substitution. Another 10 (30.3%) NS1 proteins substitution occurs at (58 amino acid position) 172-174 Codon from ACC to CCC causing a threonine to proline substitution. Also 5 (15.2%) of the NS1 proteins substitution occurs at (amino acid po sition 86) 256-258 Codon from GCT to TCT causing an alanine to serine substitution. Figure 1 Relationship of the NS nucleotide coding region phylogenetically of influenza viruses used in this study. Neighbor-joining analysis with Tamura-Neibour model, using MEGA 5.05 was used to generate the tree. Circular black dot represent studied samples and triangular black dot represent vaccine strain. Table 1: Amino acid changes of NS1 protein of influenza A/H3N2 virus strains from Iranian Population compared with vaccine strain and other countries in northern hemisphere. Virus isolates Amino acid at indicated position in NS1 protein 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 5 8 8 8 1 2 3 3 4 6 0 0 2 6 8 0 5 6 1 9 5 9 0 4 4 9 9 NS2/NEP analysis does not reveal any amino acid change in the present study (Table 2). Nucleotide sequence data obtained has been deposited to GenBank database and can be retrieved under accession numbers KP162026- KP162056 and KP209320. Table 2: Amino acid changes of NS2/NEP protein of influenza A/H3N2 virus strains from Iranian Population compared with vaccine strain and other countries in northern hemisphere. Virus isolates Amino acid at indicated position in NS2 protein 47 88 A/Texas/50/2012 E R A/Tehran/77254/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Eslamshahr/73061/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Eslamshahr/73060/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/74551/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran /44573/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/69904/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Sanandaj/65990/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Ilam/55882/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/77150/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran /78183/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/60708/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/57157/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/69969/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Tehran/69640/2014 †¢ †¢ A/Varamin/78055/2014 †¢ †¢

College Admissions Essay: Life is Beautiful :: College Admissions Essays

Life is Beautiful A friend of mine recently sent me an email with an aphorism that read, "Don't try so hard, the best things come when you least expect them to." I shuddered at its implications. According to this, the best things come to you; you do not elicit them. Trying hard, it seems, is irrelevant to what becomes of our life. I would rephrase it: "Try so hard that it becomes easy, and accept the best things as the best person to receive them." For it is only hard because you do not know that it is easy. The complete work is easy and lovely--easy as sweat and blood is easy, for the alternative of holding back, of reserving your power, of giving half your heart to what you seek, this, this, is hard. Only habit makes it easy. If you are not wise enough to know the good and true way, then it is your one goal, your singular objective to become wise. And once you are wise, you find what is good and true, and you give your all to it. Bend not your knee to distraction. Allow me to repeat: giving all is only hard because you do not realize that it is easy. If I told you that I am called to be a writer, then it should be assumed the gentle task I have before me: study my homework for four hours a day, edit my book three hours a day, write letters and journal entries at every spare moment, read literature of all sorts--and only high literature, the best every written, nothing secondary or weak. All this must be done without a tinge of complaint, without any holding back, without any fear of failure, without any sense that I am sacrificing, without a feeling of duty. To complain is to reveal an inner contradiction.   If I do complain, I must figure out why, and solve that problem. College Admissions Essay: Life is Beautiful :: College Admissions Essays Life is Beautiful A friend of mine recently sent me an email with an aphorism that read, "Don't try so hard, the best things come when you least expect them to." I shuddered at its implications. According to this, the best things come to you; you do not elicit them. Trying hard, it seems, is irrelevant to what becomes of our life. I would rephrase it: "Try so hard that it becomes easy, and accept the best things as the best person to receive them." For it is only hard because you do not know that it is easy. The complete work is easy and lovely--easy as sweat and blood is easy, for the alternative of holding back, of reserving your power, of giving half your heart to what you seek, this, this, is hard. Only habit makes it easy. If you are not wise enough to know the good and true way, then it is your one goal, your singular objective to become wise. And once you are wise, you find what is good and true, and you give your all to it. Bend not your knee to distraction. Allow me to repeat: giving all is only hard because you do not realize that it is easy. If I told you that I am called to be a writer, then it should be assumed the gentle task I have before me: study my homework for four hours a day, edit my book three hours a day, write letters and journal entries at every spare moment, read literature of all sorts--and only high literature, the best every written, nothing secondary or weak. All this must be done without a tinge of complaint, without any holding back, without any fear of failure, without any sense that I am sacrificing, without a feeling of duty. To complain is to reveal an inner contradiction.   If I do complain, I must figure out why, and solve that problem.

Sorry for Disturbing You Essay

Sorry for Disturbing You is a short narrative written by Richard Knight and its chief subject is repenting some of the picks made in life. Two cats are repenting things in this narrative – an old adult male called Michael and Ian. who is besides the chief character. Michael is an old ill adult male one dark strike harding at Ian’s door inquiring for a phone to name for a cap. Ian doesn’t feel like allowing him in. but he follows his inherent aptitude and eventually lets him in to assist him. Ian following his inherent aptitude turned out to be a good thing. because allowing Michael made Ian alter The narrative is told by a 3rd individual limited storyteller. as it is merely Ian’s thought that appears in the text. So reading this narrative Ian is our eyes and ears. Every description is given to us by his point of position. which means that the feeling of the characters that we get is affected by what Ian’s ideas of these people. The fact that the storyteller is a limited storyteller. besides has the consequence that Ian can merely be described by his ideas and the few duologues that he has. The narrative is told in present tense and its advancement is chronological. The linguistic communication consists of a few comparings as like a newborn kid. The narrative is a short narrative which is besides confirmed when reading it as it has a batch of the fresh genre’s features – there’s merely four of import individuals in the narrative. there’s no long descriptions and flashbacks either. The narrative merely covers a twosome of hours. And as in fairy tales it the short narrative has a frame. The narrative starts with Ian being place and holding his married woman Karen life at her mother’s house and his life is being all messed up. but so Michael comes strike harding on his door and he brings him through a mental journey – Michael teaches him something. And in the terminal Ian is back and all of a sudden he has a brighter hereafter – He is place. goes out and ends up place once more but as a different cat. When Michael comes strike harding on Ian’s door he is intoxicated and ill and needs a phone to name a cap. Ian uncertainties in allowing him in. but does it anyhow. Inside the house Michael starts speaking about him non being allowed to come to his ain daughter’s nuptials and he spends times looking at a exposure of him. his girl and married woman hanging on Ian’s wall. So it seems like he’s is truly losing his girl. Michael is besides a small cryptic. because when person comes strike harding on 1s door to tunnel a phone. they normally don’t have a phone. but Michael has one and insists on naming from it. And when naming the cap company Michael knows the reference as if it was his ain. But the mystifier comes right when Michael tells Ian that he knew the old proprietors of the house and that is why he knows the reference and about the old proprietors he says ; We were friends. Good friends. I liked George really much. So it seems like it is non merely a happenstance that Michael knocked on Ian’s door. He is likely losing his old life. his friends and household and came to Ian’s topographic point to retrieve his life as it was earlier. Michael is a adult male filled with declinations and he keeps apologising and stating I should’ve and I shouldn’t have ; Im sorry. I†¦ and Sorry. Thank you. You are really sort. Ian is the chief character of the narrative. He is the male parent to a small miss called Corrine and he is married to Karen. but they have jobs which need to be sorted out. Ian and his married woman likely have jobs because they don’t communicate like they should make. And he besides has a bad relationship to his girl Corrine. Several times Ian tells his girl to remain in her room. but she doesn’t behave quickly. He’s a bad communicator because even though Corrine is about throughout the whole narrative. they don’t run one individual conversation. And the same goes to his married woman – when he sees her in the terminal of the narrative he merely sends her a nod. even though he clearly has missed her ; Ian idea of Karen at her mum’s. and wished she were here now. And he doesn’t know what to talk with Michael about either ; Ten proceedingss. Ian idea. What the snake pit am I supposed to speak about for 10 proceedingss? Michael can be symbolized as being a image of Ian’s hereafter. because they both have a household and a member of it that they do non talk to and lose. But Michael’s state of affairs is worse – he has become an alcoholic. Ian can still salvage his relationship to his married woman and Michael has been an eye-opener to Ian. because when Ian comes place after driving Michael to the infirmary. he’s a different adult male and wants to screen things out. He comes place and he makes two cups of tea and warms a glass of milk. The two cups of tea likely is for him and Karen and is hence stand foring him and Karen. And the milk is stand foring his girl. †¦ made two cups of tea and a glass of warm milk. and took the first careful stairss up the stepss. Transporting the drinks upstairs he’s being careful. as if he was afraid to drop the drinks – to lose his married woman and girl. And him taking the first steps up the stepss can be symbolized as being the first stairss into his new life. Ian knows now how much his household truly means to him and run intoing Michael made him alter. because he doesn’t want to stop up lonely and being kept out from his ain daughter’s nuptials. Throughout the narrative Ian became a different individual – Michael saved Ian’s hereafter. so he was decidedly non upseting. as he said in the beginning when Ian foremost opened the door ; Sorry for upseting you.

Religon Role in Colonizing of America essays

Religon Role in Colonizing of America essays When settlers from England came to America, they envisioned a Utopia, where they would have a say in what the government can and cannot do. Before they could live in such a society they would have to take many small steps to break the hold England had on them. The settlers of America had to end a monarchy and start their own, unique, form of government. They also had to find a way that they would have some kind of decision making power. The most important change that the colonies in America had to make was to become a society quite different from that in England. By 1763 although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation of church and state. During the mid-1600's England was a Christian dominated nation; the colonies, however, were mainly Puritans. When Sir Edmond Andros took over a Puritan church in Boston for Anglican worship, the Puritans believed this was done to break their power and authority. The Puritan church in New England was almost entirely separated from the state, except that they taxed the residents for the churchs support. The churches in New England had no temporal power, unlike the church of England. Many seaport towns like Marble head and Gloucester, became more religious as time pasted. This show of religious freedom was a way in which the colonies had religious toleration and differed from the Christian church in England. ...

How Women Can Maximize Their Leadership Skills

How Women Can Maximize Their Leadership Skills There’s a long way to go before we can say that we have gender equality in the workforce. That ideal  world would include total guaranteed pay equity, family leave, and a host of other less tangible things on the equality laundry list- most which would involve women getting the respect they deserve, not to mention recognition for their performance and the freedom to go about their workdays without having to deflect sexism or misogyny. Maybe you work in an environment that feels well ahead of the curve. If so, that’s awesome. But perhaps you don’t, and you are striving to understand how you can have the kind of career you want despite the minefield of obstacles that seem to stand in your path. Either way, let’s face it. Women can- and often are- treated differently in the workplace.Have you ever been called â€Å"honey† or â€Å"doll† by a client or a superior? Have you ever been the only person asked to fetch coffee in a meeting of mostly m en? Have you been passed over for promotions in favor of male colleagues who haven’t been working there as long as you have and, at least as far as you can tell, haven’t matched your performance or achievements? These are but a few of the many ways in which women are still being left behind professionally.According to the latest accounting by Catalyst, women currently hold only 5.8% of CEO positions at SP 500 companies. That’s a pretty measly slice of the pie. How, you might be wondering, can those odds be changed? There’s a lot of chatter (online and in bestselling books and inspirational speeches) about what women need to do to get to the top. â€Å"Leaning in† is just one strategy. Dressing or acting less feminine is another popular one- that means upping your aggression, going in for the kill, learning to be a mercenary in a cutthroat business world. But if these strategies feel a little severe to you, or abrasive, or you just can’t imag ine these tactics working for you, there are other ways.Embrace Your Natural Leadership AbilitiesKeep in mind, women have a wealth of natural leadership skills- and have for generations. Think about the hardworking, iron-willed and purposeful women in your family. Think about how your family has been held together and shepherded through tough times over the years. Chances are a woman is responsible for some or most of that. Think for a second about the unsung skills of your foremothers. Just because they aren’t recognized as they should be doesn’t mean their skills aren’t praiseworthy- and aren’t just the kind of leadership qualities you might innately possess.Things like emotional intelligence, instinct, crisis management, multitasking, troubleshooting, and opportunity managing. Women have (mostly) run the domestic show for a long time, and so effectively and seamlessly that nobody thinks to notice their labors, or their wealth of skills- or to notice ho w those skills might so easily translate into assets in the corporate world.Every woman is different. And gender differences don’t always fall along cookie-cutter lines. There are plenty of women who wouldn’t identify with all or any of the above traits, and plenty of men who would. But, generally speaking, most women do tend to be more collaborative and to take a slightly different tack in decision-making and leadership matters.Just because there are these marked and observable differences in most cases, it is also true that there aren’t any real substantive differences in what it takes to be a good leader that would disqualify a woman or more naturally recommend a man. Women are just as passionate, just as entrepreneurial, just as driven, just as strategic, and every bit as capable. Humans are humans, after all.According to a Gallup poll in 2015, employees with female managers were found to be more engaged in their work than those with male managers. Despite t his- and despite the fact that women are 51% of the population, only 33% of employees in the U.S. have female bosses or supervisors. At the 2013 World Economic Forum, founder and executive chairman Klaus Schwab said that â€Å"A world where women make up less than 20% of the global decision-makers is a world that is missing a huge opportunity for growth and ignoring an untapped reservoir of potential†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He was (and still is) right. The more diversity of decision-makers in the workplace and the world, the better off the world and the workplace will be.Develop Key SkillsStart by leveraging the authentic qualities you started out with, rather than downplaying those traits in favor of more stereotypically masculine ones. Embrace your empathy and intuition. They can be invaluable tools for innovation and strategic marketing. Lead by example. â€Å"Go high† when everybody else is going low (thanks, Michelle Obama!). Use your problem-solving skills rather than studying f rom some male-written business manual. Trust your own ideas. Speak when you feel you should, but not just for the sake of speaking. Stay quiet and listen when you feel that’s most appropriate- you’ll never know what you might learn or how your patience might be rewarded when you finally do interject and lobby for your ideas.Cultivate ConfidenceThis may be a tough one, but it’s necessary. Ever met a male CEO or industry leader without it? Start by faking it; eventually you’ll make it. And remember, you won’t get where you want to go by trying to please everyone you come across. If you’ve done your homework and you know your industry and your job inside and out, then speak up; join the fray. Trust yourself. You know what you’re talking about. Speak up and share it. Don’t be afraid to show the world that you are well aware of your own merits and qualifications and that you feel quite strongly when you’ve got the right idea. Be an Actor, Not a ReactorKeep an eye out for opportunities to make a real impact and create a reputation for being a real contributor to projects and causes that matter. But also try to balance that a bit. Work-life balance is important. You can’t rise to the top if you’re too stressed and exhausted to support yourself on the way up. Your contributions will be most valuable when they’re backed up by good stores of sleep and health and verve.Work to Build a Matriarchy from WithinHelp other women. Pull your sisters up to the next promontory as you reach it. Mentor women and girls in your field. But also keep in mind that (most) men aren’t adversaries. Reach out for other, very different perspectives and advice. Seek out both male and female mentors and learn to navigate a path that feels right to you between their unique points of view. Learn to see what all good leaders have in common, regardless of their gender. (Hint: this will be a long list.)Above All : Listen for Your Own VoiceSeek out the stories of women who have made it to those coveted top rungs. Many top women leaders will say that there are a few qualities most crucial to the kind of success in leadership that you crave. Things like being proactive, constantly striving to learn new things and move your business (and indeed your industry) forward. Being able to negotiate confidently, rather than settle quietly. Being flexible, and able to adapt to any situation or crisis you may confront, open enough to think outside the box for a solution. But also keeping your eyes open, using your listening skills and powers of observation. Staying focused, despite all of the noise. Being authentic, true to yourself, but never keeping silent. Being outspoken, even if that means learning to get comfortable not being universally liked.Remember, you are your best (and sometimes only) advocate. Only you can be truly confident in your capabilities. It’s up to you to convince everyone e lse. Toot your own horn and the horns of the women you work with. No one will do it for you. Strike that power pose and unleash your creative forces. Pitch your ideas. Be audacious. Soon, you’ll be respected, even if not universally everyone’s best pal or favorite colleague. Respect, above all else, is key.In an ideal world, the burden wouldn’t fall so squarely on women to prove their mettle and earn the respect their male colleagues seem to start with at the bottom rung. But the world won’t always be so lopsided. You could be one of tomorrow’s leaders, a captain of industry who commands respect and changes lives. You could help shape a better, brighter world- not just for women in the workplace, but for all of us. So go ahead and take your seat at the conference table. And don’t be afraid to stand up and grab the mic.

Rococo, French Baroque and Classicism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Rococo, French Baroque and Classicism - Essay Example Rococo art is characterized by elegance compared to the classical approach which emphasized grandeur and symmetry making it a prerogative and preference of the aristocracy. It is more ornate whose approach complements the overall architecture and paintings of a home or structure and is praised for its aesthetic qualities. It objective is to appeal to the senses of its audience rather than evoke or stimulate the intellect. It strives for no deeper meaning other than to be beautiful and ornamental. Thus, it serves the elegant taste and ornamental use of the aristocrats making it their prerogative. For example, the murals that adorn the buildings and the homes of the aristocrats in the eighteenth century were Rococo in approach attesting their preference and for the art movement. The Rococo as an art movement was not received well from its inception and had been criticized as superficial owing to its ornamental and aesthetic approach. This criticism came from the perspective of the prev ailing art genre during that time which was French Baroque and Classicism. As an art movement, it even took a while for Rococo art to be formally recognized by art historians that only in the mid nineteenth century was it formally recognized. Having said this, philosophers became critical of the Rococo movement because it emphasizes elegance and aesthetics which run in contrast to philosophy which emphasizes depth and search for meaning. Philosophy is also particular about rules, symmetry and harmony which Rococo.

Do Students lose more than they gain in online writing classes Essay

Do Students lose more than they gain in online writing classes - Essay Example In the chapter text, Keifer writes, â€Å"questions about the efficacy of online education have been ignored in the face of pressures† (Keifer, 2007, p. 142). I am in agreement with the author’s statement that the schools, confronted by rising intake of students and governmental pressure, have been under pressure to embrace online learning. However, such efforts, to provide alternative models of learning, should be guided by efficiency and not by the current boom in student populations. Globally, few learning institutions with online learning programs have integrated efficiency of content delivery in their e-learning approach. Kiefer identified three deficits in the online writing system that makes it a less desirable learning platform. One of these deficits is the nature of the classroom software. It feels that the author has overly criticized the role of software in a classroom. A good quote is, â€Å"We have all had moments when we question why technology, especiall y software seems to distract energy away from the focus of our work as writers and teachers† (Keifer, 2007, p. 148). The author sees that technology disguises the interest of students in coursework and that through an online platform; students can pretend to be engaged in the learning process. Kiefer also critiques software used in online writing, citing that such software is not developed with the writing teachers in mind and does not provide for interaction between the students. While this may have been true when the article was written.

Analyze Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyze - Research Paper Example According to the article, the US possesses inclusive free-trade agreements with nearly 17 nations comprising both Canada as well as Mexico. The article emphasized that the different service providers that encompass law as well as bank firms to reap maximum benefits from the idea of international trade of the US with other various nations (The New York Times Company, 2013). Government Influence The governmental interventions in global business provide significant implications upon different significant aspects that include employment and inflation among others. From the viewpoint of the aspect of employment, the governments influence global business by encouraging the business procedures of different organizations as well as by generating ample job opportunities. In relation to inflation, the governments influence global business by ensuring that there does not lay any sudden rises especially in the prices of the products (The New York Times Company, 2013). ... order to combat particularly against corruption, terrorism and different cross-border criminal activities like drug smuggling (The Washington Post, 2013). 2. Important aspects of Global Business in relation to Foreign Exchange and Rates Foreign exchange rates are fundamentally regarded as an imperative determinant in the business activity of any nation in the global context. It can broadly be stated with foreign exchange rates, it is possible for a nation to conduct its business transactions nationally as well as internationally by a considerable level. The major significance of foreign exchange rates is that the exchange rates extensively enhance the trade level of a particular nation. There are numerous factors that influence foreign exchange rates by a significant degree. In this connection, the factors comprise dissimilarities in the interest charges, public debt and financial performance among others. In accordance with the reports of a recently published article, it has been vi ewed that Egypt adopts a latest system by which they can purchase as well as sell foreign currencies. The prime objective of the nation i.e. Egypt to introduce a new system of transacting foreign currencies is to provide an active support particularly to the finance related policy makers while facing problem linked with foreign-exchange reserves. The country strongly believed that by introduced such system it can safeguard the reputation of Egypt as a business nation in financial international markets (The Wall Street Journal, 2013). 3. Important aspects of Global Business in relation to International Business Strategy and Country Evaluation and Selection In the context of providing a global strategy for pursuing various business transactions, it has been viewed in a recent article that a

Improved Ethical Conduct Essay Example for Free

Improved Ethical Conduct Essay Improvement of ethical conduct is influential for the realization of sustainable social and economic development in any organization. Ethical conduct serves the important purpose of strengthening the reputation of an organization in the marketplace. In addition, improving ethical conduct is crucial in mitigating liability costs incurred by the organization. According to some economic and business management analysts, ethical business behavior in a company is instrumental in enhancing cooperation among its stakeholders, a move that functions to enhance the decision making process. This is also important in improving efficiency of executing business objectives. This paper is written in support of the thesis that companies should choose to understand, report on, and improve their ethical conduct as a crucial tool in ensuring sustainable competitive advantage in the market economy. Ethical conduct in an organization is important in protecting and strengthening the reputation of the company (Barnum, Richter, 1994). According to assertion by many people in the community, reputation of a firm is the most important marketing tool for its products. Numerous research findings have provided sufficient evidence linking the purchasing behavior of customers with the perceived reputation of the producing organization. Such findings have been explained by the fact firm reputation is closely attributed with quality and reliability of services, a factor that serves to enhance customer loyalty. In addition, reputation of an organization is important in protecting and enhancing investor confidence (Barnum, Richter, 1994). As an example is the financial scandal of Enron and WorldCom corporations in 2002. these scandals did not only lead to the collapsing of these two giant American corporations, but caused loss of billions of investor capitals, a move that compromised investor confidence in the firms. All these have the indication that enhancing ethical conduct in a company functions to ensure its competitive advantage. Still on improving ethical conduct in an organization is that it enhances the reputation of its individual employees. It has been evidently established that employee recommendations from some companies are highly recognized in the job market. This factor is driven by the fact that such companies have a strong corporate ethical code of conduct, a crucial element in defining the reliability and integrity of the individual. On the other hand, engaging in unethical business practices by individual employee serve both to enhance liability costs and compromise the reputation of the employee in the external job market. Another importance of improving ethical conduct in an organization is that it eliminates liability costs in the organization. According to the provisions of the American as well as international business laws, unethical behaviors by investments are subject to legal proceedings. This is because the law functions the purpose of protecting not only the interests of the firm but also those of the general public, a purpose that is negated by unethical business practices (Barnum, Richter, 1994). Based on this reasoning, it means that organizations engaged in unlawful practices serve to hurt the interest of customers and investors. As an example on improving ethical conduct to mitigate liability is the legal implications brought by the ZZZZ best carpet company. According to available information, the ZZZZ Company was involved in fraud activities to enhance its competitive financial position. However, following the revelation of the scandal, it management were subjected to legal justice and the worth of the organization auctioned to compensate investor who lost in the scandal. In addition, it is not uncommon to hear of customers filing damage cases against companies for falsified advertisements of products. Ethical business conduct is vital in ensuring efficiency of services provision in the organization. Instilling a corporate culture in an organization has it crucial function in ensuring commitment by employees serving in the organization. Just to be appreciated is the fact that the ultimate success of any organization is defined by its effectiveness in meeting the demands of its customers. On the other side, effective ethical conduct dictates for commitment of all stakeholders to the vision, mission, and objectives of the organization. Therefore, improving ethical conduct in an organization is important in improving it service provisions, thus ensuring sustainable competitive advantage of the organization in the marketplace. Improving ethical business practices promotes the decision making process in the organization (Barnum, Richter, 1994). Ethical business behavior serves to mitigate unfair dealings in an organization. It is worth noting that the decision making process of an organization is mainly driven by the financial stand of its investment. This is because such are the defining force of the measures necessary to enhance its economic expansion. This means that, without reliable financial accounting practices, the organization’s decision making process is deemed ineffective. Such practices are to be blamed for the downfall of the big corporations like WorldCom. Thus promoting ethical financial practices is crucial in enhancing the decision making process of an organization. In conclusion, business ethical practices are important component for the realization of long term competitive advantage of an organization in the marketplace. This is because they function to protect and strengthen the reputation of the firm as well as mitigating liability costs to the company. Thus companies should choose to understand, report on, and improve their ethical conduct as a crucial tool in ensuring sustainable competitive advantage in the market economy.

Representations Of London Life In Brick Lane Cultural Studies Essay

Representations Of London Life In Brick Lane Cultural Studies Essay Monica Ali brings humour, grace and the special qualities of the best of Asian fiction to a narrative concerned with acceptance and denialWry and intelligent, subtle and graceful in its mix of formal prose, blackly despairing humour and fabulous characterization, this is a rich human novel'(The Sunday Express, India).Ali was not born in England but in Dhaka, Bangladesh, and moved to England at the age of three, where she was raised. She has never lived in Brick lane where the novel was focused on and she was from a middle- class family and eventually attended higher education at Wadham Collage, Oxford. Therefore, some people are starting to question how she managed to recreate the lifestyle of a Bangladeshi family living in the inner city of London. Firstly, she was born in Bangladesh which gave her a sense of attachment with her origin. Secondly, with the help from Naila Kabeer, whose study of Bangladeshi women garment workers in London and Dhaka, Monica Ali drew inspiration.(Brick Lane, P493). Moreover, her inspiration of the story was supported by many people whose have a strong social identity of Bangladeshi people in London and British immigrant experience. E.g. Nicole Aragi and Shofiur. The book follows Nazneen and Hasina, living very different lives in very different places, but finally daring to hope that they may have found a similar sort of happiness. The themes are the big ones identity, self-determination, the freight of family and they are kept afloat by the buoyancy of Alis characterisation, which occasionally verges on the Dickensian without ever resorting to caricature. In Nazneens world, everyone is convincingly governed by their own individual logic.(Harriet Lane ,The Observer Sunday 1 June 2003) The book exposes many features of London and its peoples daily life to the reader, which included issues like: Race tension, Cultures, Estate life, gender relation and the landscape of the city of London. However, I will be more focusing on the representation of Race tension and changing cultures in London. In due course, I will link some of these representations with the theory of place and identity (Tim Cresswell) , Robert Park and Mumford idea of City and Postcolonial London (John Mcleod). Since the end of Second World War, the urban and human geography of London has been irreversibly altered as a consequence of patterns of migration from countries with a history of colonialism , so that today a number of London s neighbourhoods are known primarily in terms of the overseas populations they have nurtured. Whitechapel and Tower Hamlets boast significant Bangladeshi communities. (John Mcleod) According to Mcleod , the multicultural London was developed during the postcolonial period and people from the ex-colony were flooding into the heart of the Empire -London, looking for a new life and opportunities. The story of Brick Lane was a direct product of postcolonial London, which is about change, cultural, social, and political and conflict. It was Black and Asian migrants who have together played a major role in creating Londons multicultural society and Brick Lane highlighted the levels of poverty and discrimination had on them. In other words, postcolonial London does not factually denote a given place or mark a stable location on a map. It emerges at the intersection of the concrete and the noumenal, between the material conditions of metropolitan life and the imaginative representations made of it. It is as much a product of facticity as a creation of the novels. ( John Mcleod) According to Lewis Mumford and Robert Park, city should not only defined by its physical for m. Whatever it was that makes a city a city (London), it had more to do with its social processes.(Doreen Massey) Decolonization has speeded up Londons heterogeneity, intensity of social interaction and contrasts. In order word, London as a World city is a city produced, experienced and lived imaginatively and also incubating new social relations and cultural forms which conflict with the advocacy of a national culture or the pursuit of cultural nationalism. (John Mcleod) With Vast numbers of people living in the city, there are bound to be wide range of variations amongst them. This should give rise to the spatial segregation of individuals according to colour, ethnic heritage, economic and social status, tastes and preferences. (Louis Wirth) In Brick Lane, Monica Ali portrayed the conflict between Race and culture of the inner city remarkably well. In Chapter two and three, she has focused on describing the culture of London and migrants in conversations between different characters. Two in one week! But now our children are copying what they see here, going to the pub, to nightclubs. Or drinking at home in their bedrooms where their parents think they are perfectly safe. The problem is our community is not properly educated said by Dr Azad (P.31, Chapter two), this short conversation between Chanu and Dr Azad clearly described the problem of inner city migrants whose have not educated enough to teach their offspring what is right or wrong, they neglected their children because they were busy working to earn money .Also the second generation migrants are generally copying the drinking culture but not controlling themselves. In Page 40, Monica uses the eye of the main Character Nazneen to describe the rotten anti social behavior by teenagers in council estate, She looked down into the courtyard. Two boys exchanged mock punches, feinting left and right. Cigarettes burned in their mouths. She opened the window and leaned into the breeze.(P.40). She also use the Tattoo Lady who did not get named to describe the working class white who lived in council housing and gave them a stereotype features She scratched her arms , her shoulders, the accessible portions of her buttocks. She yawned and lit a cigarette. At least two thirds of the flesh on show was covered in ink.Nazneen had never been close enough to decipher the designs.Chanu said the tattoo lady was Hells Angel. (P.18 Chapter one.) Monica once again uses conversation between characters to deliver the message to the reader, Three point five people to one room. Thats a council statistic ,Chanu told Nazneen. All crammed together. They cant stop having children, or they bring over all their relatives and pack them in like little fish in a tin. Its a Tower Hamlets official statistic: three point five Bangladeshis to one room. (P.49 Chapter. 2) , But the main thing is education. The parents are so ashamed they dont know what to do. Sometimes they send the child back home, where the really cheap.(P248 Chapter 12), We need two things .More drugs counselors and more jobs for the young people said the Doctor.(P249,Chapter 12)Up to here, she already given enough information for the reader to create own imagination of the rotten down and packed inner city estate area with high density of migrants ,working class white , second generation migrants ,drug problem and uneducated parents. Place is how we make the world meaningful and the way we experience the world. (Tim Cresswell) Place is about stopping and resting and becoming involved.While space is amenable to the abstraction of spatial science and economic rationality, place is amenable to discussions of things such as value and belonging. (Tuan 1977,149) Place is hard to define but Tuan and Cresswell had done its definition perfectly well. London is a Place, even Brick lane and Nazeens flat are also a place where everything is interacting with each other. It was the sense of place that creates the unique social structure of immigrant communities and London. Nazneen stared at a notice on the wall, printed in five languages. No smoking, no eating, no drinking.( P64, Chapter 3) In this passage, it was place which create this unique features of Brick lane as it has got all sort of foreigners lived in and they are interacting with each other within the same place. Moreover, In Chapter 14 , Monica describe the Chanu family have never left Brick lane or areas around it ,although places like the Houses of Parliament ,Buckingham Palace and Hype-Park are very close to Brick Lane. In a sense , she use the family tour day as a Metaphor to describe the immigrant family do not go out their own neighbourhood , a sense of isolation with other part of the city and an intense sense of localism. In the other hand, place had a profound effect on changing people e.g. Chanu (The educated), Mrs Azad and second generation migrants (Tariq, bibi and Shahana.). For example, Place has turned Chanu to mix into the English culture and eventually accepted it in order to survive in the society- its part of the culture here. Its so ingrained in the fabric of society. Back Home, if you drink you risk being an outcast. In London, if you dont drink you risk the same things.( P110, Chapter 5) ,another example from Mrs Azad during the conversation with Chanu Listen, when Im in Bangladesh I put on a sari and cover my head and all that. But here I go out to work. I work with white girls and I am just one of them.(P114, Chapter5) and also when Nazneen refers to Bangladesh as our country, Karim makes it clear that he considers England to be his country in page 212. (Bookrags) and Shahana spoke in English during the conversation with Chanu about intern et and technologies. -This little wire that goes into the telephone socket-do you see it ?- it all comes down the wire. We go on the internet at school,said Shahana, in English. (P200,Chapter 9) Home obviously means more than a natural of physical setting . Especially, the term cannot be limited to a built place. A useful point of departure for understanding home may be not its material manifestation but rather a concept : home is a unit of space organized mentally and materially to satisfy a peoples real and perceived basic biosocial needs and, beyond the , their higher aesthetic-political aspirations. (Tim Cresswell) There is a clear connection made between place and second generation migrants, they already regard London as the place they belong to, whereas Bangladeshi and the language of Bangladeshi (Bengali) are just memory and heritage of their parent. In a sense these second generation migrants were trying to produce a new type of social memory and eager to get out from the bottom of social hierarchy and mix in with the dominant social group within the place- London. Rootedness and authenticity .In Harveys discussion of place this meaning is retained but becomes a symbol of reactionary exclusivity. As long as place signifies a tight and relatively immobile connection between a groups of people and a site then it will be constantly implicated in the construction of us (people who belong in a place) and them (people who do not). (Tim Cresswell) In this way the rootedness and authenticity of place will create tension between different race groups, especially the working class white who are most threaten of their social and employment position to be taken out by the migrants. Therefore, conflict is inevitable. The following 2 extracts described the reason of racial tension perfectly well: It is the white underclass, like Wilkie, who are most afraid of people like me. To him, and people like him, we are the only thing standing in the way of them sliding totally to the bottom of the pile. As long as we are below them, then they are above something. If they see us rise then they are resentful because we have left our proper place. That is why you get the phenomenon of the National Front. They can play on those fears to create racial tensions, and give these people a superiority complex. The middle classes are more secure, and therefore more relaxed. Chanu said. (P38, Chapter two). Leaflet from Lion Heart (a white working class organization) HANDS OFF OUR BREASTS! The Islamification of our neighbourhood has gone too far. A Page 3 calendar and poster have been removed from the walls of our community hall. How long before the extremists are putting veils on our women and insulting our daughters for wearing short skirts? Do not tolerate it ! Write to the council! This is England! (P257 Ch12) These two extracts allow us to think how weak of the bond between national majorities and minorities. There are two main outcomes for migrants; they either become economic migrant which suggests that people enter the country just for the sake of money, making as much money as possible before returning. The other outcome is -Hyphenated British which indicates a movement from outsider to insider, from temporary resident to permanent settler and from a predominantly homogeneous to an increasingly heterogeneous society. (John Eade) However, the White majorities are the ones that feel most threaten, afraid of migrants taking out all of the available jobs within the City and also their living space, culture and social benefits. Linking back to the introduction, Monica Ali was not raised in the area of Brick Land and had never been in a working class family. The novel is completely a work of the imagination influenced by her fathers story of Mymensingh countryside and her friend Naila Kabeer who study about the lives of Bangladeshi women garment workers. Although this essay had only focused on the issues of changing culture, place/identity, and race tension ,there are still a lot more issues reflecting Londons life and the city of London itself e.g. Gender relations, Landscape of London and economic environment. This optimism about England as a land of possibility is linked to a more general feminist politics of liberation which may help to partly explain the books success in both the UK and the USA. (John Eade). In terms of the essays main theme- Culture, place and race, many conversations with in Brick Lane represent the changing of the newcomers and they are becoming one of the key forces of a changing Br itish nation. Their Britishness is mediated through the social and cultural heritage of their country of origin which produces a hyphenated identity through the interweaving of class, gender, generation, religion and language. (John Eade) Finally, Monica Ali uses the event of 9/11 as an opportunity to describe the Bangladeshi or Islamic communities seek to show how their true color is and representation to the outside world, especially the National Majority.